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With an estimated , downloads every month1 the Tor Browser Bundle is the most popular software package offered on the Tor Project website. A lot of work has been put into making the Tor Browser safe for use with Tor2 , including the use of extra patches against this browser to enhance privacy and security. The Tor Browser Bundle also aims to ensure that the user is able to completely and safely remove the bundle without leaving other traces on her computer.
In an effort to further enhance the security of the Tor Browser Bundle, we performed a forensic analysis of the bundle version 2. Our objective was to nd traces left by the Tor Browser Bundle and then nd ways to counter forensic analysis in three different scenarios: a On a machine that the user does not own, such as a machine in a library or Internet caf. In the following, we discuss the objective, scope, and limitations for this analysis.
We then look into the traces found on the different operating systems and suggest possible mitigations for some of them. We conclude with ideas for further analysis work. The primary scope of this forensic analysis was to set up, use, and analyze three operating systems for any changes that may have been made specically by the use of the Tor Browser Bundle.
We built three separate virtual machines, one for each operating system, with default installation settings. We did not download the Tor Browser Bundle using a browser, but instead connected an external drive which we then copied the bundle from.
We made a decision to only consider traces left by the Tor Browser Bundle after the bundle had been deleted and the system had been completely shut down. The objective, scope, and tools used during this analysis introduced a few limitations that we feel is worth considering when reading this report.
Additionally, we had to assume a number of things about the end user, her system, and how she is using the Tor Browser Bundle.
The objective assumes that the user either does not have administrative rights on the machine, or does not know how to nd and remove traces of the Tor Browser Bundle. A technical user with administrative rights on her system will be able to mitigate a number of the traces found. All three operating systems were installed with default settings and values. The Tor Browser Bundle was copied from an attached external drive to the users Desktop or home directory.
Once the user nished browsing, the Tor Browser Bundle directory and archive was moved to the trash can, and the trash can was then emptied. The system was completely shut down once the bundle had been deleted. We did not consider traces which are not directly related to the Tor Browser Bundle, such as the presence of an external drive.
Additionally, we did not consider traces left after using the Tor Browser Bundle while the bundle was still present on the system, or the system had not been completely shut down. We believe it is likely that a different scenario would reveal additional traces of the Tor Browser Bundle on the users system. We used a range of different tools to perform the forensic analysis, all of which are free and available online.
The following three tools were all used both before and after we ran the Tor Browser Bundle: dd3 - create a backup image of the virtual drive. A new or changed hash indicates a new or changed le. We also performed a run-time analysis of the Tor Browser Bundle on Windows 7 using Noriben6 and procmon7. This allowed us to create a report of everything the Tor Browser Bundle did while it was running. A similar analysis was not performed on OS X or Linux due to time constraints. An analyst with access to a different set of tools, such as commercial tools, might nd traces which we were unable to nd.
We followed roughly the same testing process for all three operating systems. We set up a separate virtual machine for each operating system, logged in with the account we created during the installation process, installed available updates and shut it down cleanly. We used a normal user account on Linux, a non-root administrative account on OS X, and an administrative account on Windows. Once the operating system had been set up, we connected the virtual drive to another virtual machine, used dd to create an image of the drive, used hashdeep to compute hashes for every le on the drive, and then rsync to copy all the les over to an external drive.
It is important to note that we used hashdeep and rsync on the original virtual drive, not on the copy we created with dd. After having secured a copy of the clean virtual machine, we rebooted the system, connected an external drive, and copied the Tor Browser Bundle from the external drive to the Desktop or users home directory. We started the Tor Browser Bundle by clicking on the package archive to extract it, and then clicking on the Tor Browser Bundle executable to run it.
On Debian Linux, we also used the command line to extract the archive with tar -zxvf and start the bundle with. We then browsed a couple of different pages and clicked on a few links before shutting it down by closing the Tor Browser and clicking on the Exit-button in Vidalia. The Tor Browser did not crash and we did not see any error messages. On Linux, we also deleted the Tor Browser folder and package archive using rm -rf on the command line.
We repeated the steps with dd, rsync, and hashdeep to create a copy of the tainted virtual machine. On Windows, we also used Noriben and procmon as previously noted.
The following sections list the traces found which directly relate to the Tor Browser Bundle. Each issue has its own ticket in the bug tracker8.
The majority of the issues found show traces of the Tor Browser Bundle package on the users system. A number of the issues below are related to default operating system behavior, such as the use of Spotlight on OS X and Windows Search.
The Apple System Log is a background process that allows messages from different parts of the operating system to be recorded in several ways. Whenever the lesystem is changed, the kernel passes notications to a process called fseventsd. This issue has been documented as The hot le clustering scheme uses an on-disk B-Tree le for tracking.
OS X applications store preference settings in plist les, and the les below are related to system fonts, the le manager, recent items, and the Tor Browser Bundle. Resume is one of the new features in OS X The feature allows applications to save their last known state when they are closed, and then return to this state when they are later reopened. This has been documented as Thanks to community review of our ndings, we have a potential x for this issue which we will include in version 3.
Spotlight, and the Metadata Server mds , indexes all items and les on a system and allows the user to perform system-wide searches for all sorts of items; documents, pictures, applications, system preferences, etc. OS X relies on swap les and paging for memory and cache management. We were not able to examine the last le, thumbnails. The le below contains lines showing we extracted and ran the Tor Browser Bundle.
This result will vary depending on the window manager used. The following le contains information about recently used les, including the Tor Browser Bundle. In the X Window System, an X session manager is a session management program, a program that can save and restore the current state of a set of running applications. Windows keeps track of the way the system starts and which programs the user commonly opens.
This information is saved as a number of small les in the Prefetch folder. Windows stores thumbnails of graphics les, and certain document and movie les, in Thumbnail Cache les. One possible solution would be to drop the Onion Logo icon and use a standard Windows icon instead, assuming this does not confuse our Windows users too much.
Microsoft Windows uses a paging le, called pagele. The Windows Registry is a database that stores various conguration settings and options for the operating system. DAT and UsrClass. DAT les. Windows Search, which is enabled by default, builds a full-text index of les on the computer. One component of Windows Search is the Indexer, which crawls the le system on initial setup, and then listens for le system notications to index changed les.
The Tor Browser Bundle aims to ensure that no traces are left on the users system. However, a number of the traces listed in this report are related to default operating system settings, some of which the bundle might not be able to remove. We therefore propose the creation of a document which lists steps our users can take to mitigate these traces on the different operating systems.
The scope of this analysis covered traces left by the Tor Browser Bundle itself, not traces left by other applications while downloading the bundle. The results in this report would have been slightly different had we included traces of downloading the bundle from a browser.
We propose to expand the scope of a future analysis to also include downloading the Tor Browser Bundle with a default browser. The goal of this analysis was to identify traces left behind by the Tor Browser Bundle after extracting, using, and deleting the bundle. The Tor Browser Bundle uses Firefox Private Browsing mode by default, which should prevent browsing history from being written to disk. We propose to watch the Tor Browser Bundle directory itself for browsing history leaks, before the bundle is deleted, for example via automated tests to watch for regressions by either Mozilla or us.
The forensic analysis was performed with one specic version of the Tor Browser Bundle. Other packages, such as the Pluggable Transports Tor Browser Bundle10 and the experimental Tor Browser Bundle without Vidalia11 , and newer versions of the bundle may leave a different set of traces on the users system. We propose to include forensic analysis in our build infrastructure so that we can test a number of Tor Browser Bundle packages on a regular basis.
As noted in the tools section, we performed a run-time analysis of the Tor Browser Bundle on Windows 7. We were not able to perform a similar analysis on OS X and Linux due to time constraints.
Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. My apologies, you misunderstand my meaning John. I didn't open the PDF in your link, and there's nothing in your post to indicate which site the article came from. I simply meant you can provide a link to any legitimate website in your post, and I've no reason to doubt that the one you refer to is a legitimate one.
We can get new members, and spammers sadly, who provide links to some unusual places, hence the need to mention "legitimate". By all means, supply us with the link to the site containing the article, and I hope that clears up the misunderstanding. You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy! Already have an account? Sign in here. By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Use. Share More sharing options Followers 0.
Recommended Posts. JFlanigan Posted July 5, Posted July 5, edited. I am using v4. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options DennisD Posted July 5, Posted July 5, Hi jFlanigan, and welcome to the forum. Especially from a non regular member, and I don't mean that to be personal. I've therefore removed the direct download link.
Hi Dennis. No problem and I apologize for violating any forum rule on my first visit. Best Regards, John.
Tor Browser Bundle Forensic | PDF | Web Browser | Tor (Anonymity Network)
Tor-browser-2.3.25-6_en-us.exe download
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